Photosynthesis is the process that creates ATP from ADP and Pi using light energy. The light energy "excites" the electrons passing along the electron transport chain. This is coupled with the pumping of hydrogen ions and the splitting of H2O molecules.
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast of plant and algae cells. First, the light photon hits the chlorophyll molecule surrounding Photosystem II(complex). This creates a resonance energy that's transferred through neighboring chlorophyll molecules. When the energy reaches the Photosystem II reaction center, an electron is released. The chlorophyll reaction center contains electrons that are transferred when excited. Only one photon is needed to excite each electron in the chlorophyll.
Then, two excited electrons are transferred to plastoquinone Qb(the first mobile carrier). Along the way, the Qb also picks up two protons from the stroma. The two lost electrons are replaced by splitting H2O molecules. The splitting water also releases hydrogen ions into lumen. This contributes to hydrogen ion gradient like one created by the mitochondrial electron transport.
Qb will then transfer two electrons to cytochrome b6-f, allowing two protons to be released from the lumen. This is coupled with the pumping of two or more hydrogen ions into the lumen space by cytochrome b6-f. After this, electrons are transferred to plastocyanin and then Photosystem I. The photons energize the electrons and "propel" them to transfer to the ferredoxin. Ferredoxin transfers the electrons to FNR.
NADPH is made by adding 2 electrons and a hydrogen ion to NADP+. The result is NADPH, ATP, and molecular oxygen.
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